Reports of an outbreak of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases in China have raised concerns in South Africa about the possibility of a global pandemic.

The World Health Organization (WHO) addressed these concerns by explaining that the increase in respiratory virus cases, which resemble common colds, influenza, and flu, is expected during the Northern Hemisphere’s winter.

In its Disease Outbreak News report, WHO described HMPV as a common respiratory virus that circulates in many countries from winter through spring. While some cases require hospitalisation for conditions like bronchitis or pneumonia, most infections cause mild symptoms, similar to the common cold, with recovery occurring in a few days.

WHO continues to stay in contact with Chinese health officials, who report no unusual outbreak patterns. According to Chinese authorities, the healthcare system remains stable, with hospital utilisation lower than the same period last year. No emergency declarations or responses have been triggered.

Public health advisories have been issued to prevent the spread of respiratory infections and reduce their impact. WHO and other health professionals urge individuals, especially those most vulnerable—such as the elderly, children, and people with compromised immune systems—to follow these precautionary measures:

• Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or bent elbow.
• Wash hands regularly.
• Get recommended booster shots as advised by healthcare providers.
• Wear a mask in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces when needed.

Prof Tulio De Oliveira, Director of the Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation at Stellenbosch University, reassured South Africans that there is no need for alarm.

“HMPV is an old virus discovered about 40 years ago, though it has existed since the late 1950s. It is a respiratory virus that causes common cold symptoms, and it is less severe than the flu. However, in very young and very old individuals, it can cause flu-like symptoms such as a cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath,” De Oliveira explained.